Uses and Gratification Theory

Uses and Gratification Theory Before undertaking any form of production, or even to monitor the output of media text that has been generated, some sort of audience research has to be undertaken to measure the output of that particular product, for the purpose of this essay, I will be focusing on uses and gratifications, and the availability on the internet and the ability to record programs. Uses and gratifications theory first came to light in the 1940s, with the height of radio broadcasting, but later developed further in the early 70s with Katz, Blumler and Gurentich. The sudden interest came to light with having the first generation to grow up with a wider range of media abundance, the opportunity to have, print, radio and most of all television. The majority of the research that was conducted in the audience research environment was more focused on the effects of media exposure rather than what is done with the media text to the environment it is broadcasted to. Having this open question allowed for researches to have the ability to look in to the way the people deal with this text and what in turn is done with it. the social and origins of needs which generate expectations of mass media or other sources which led to differential patterns of media exposure, resulting in need gratification and other consequences, perhaps mostly unintended ones(Bulmer, j, Katz, E, 1974) Uses and gratification theory was developed to ask how mediated text is used by the consumer, rather than what media dose to the consumer (Katz, E. 1959), the theory asses the users as a active audience member rather than a passive one, this mean that the user will use specific text to gain the valuable knowledge that they are actively seeking from the program or text that they may be consuming for a purpose (Katz, E et al 1974) The approach suggests that people use the media to fulfil specific gratifications. This theory would then imply that the media compete against other information sources for viewers gratification. (Katz, E., et al, 1974) The rise of media available to the general public has become overwhelming, from newspapers to the internet, In turn the audience becomes more dependent on media and the consumption of it, this also means that there is no specific scheduling and timetabling of programs, with the rise of being able to plus or record programs allows the independent user to be able to watch programs that they feel interested in and in turn to use this to generate the gratification method, through the information that they have gathered from the consumption of that text. Blumler and Katz believed that the media text available was used in many different ways, all depending on the individuals preferences to as why they have chosen to openly accept this information that has been generated by the producer, this in short shows that the user has the ability to chose what they want to be exposed to, and in turn this gratify the users need, be it social or informational. (The Uses of mass communication; current perspectives on gratification theory, Katz, E et al 1974) Critics use to refer to the audience as passive, ignoring the fact that they are more able to chose what they what to consume, uses and gratifications sees them more as an individual and able to reject information that they see as not to be necessary to their daily life, knowledge allows the user to be more socially accepted, having information to use in streams at work or social gatherings. The flip side is that, the individual uses the role of media to generate some sort of escapism, to substitute part of time to immerse them selfs in text that may in some ways resemble their lifes, and generates satisfaction to be portrayed in a mass text, this is where the programming timetable that they have made using the plus system comes in to play to create a personal stimulation or enjoyment through the content that has been gathered for entertainment purposes, with the technology that is available in this day and age. (Morley 1992). Either way the information that each individual may receive from the information that they may have seeked out or stumbled upon can be decoded in different ways, this is all down to the way each person interprets that information to meet there needs (Blumler and Katz 1974). The content that is put together by the produce to send out a specific meaning can be decoded in many ways, this is down to many aspects of that person(s) life, it could result in the way they are bought up and the influence that are attachà © to that upbringing, also added to the social class that they are from and the people that they may be associated with, and finally the more wealthier they are can also result in what they may be exposed to and how they take it in, (www.rlwclarke.net). Uses and gratification is a method that allows for a progressive approach in audience research, but with limitations, this area focuses more on the individual, and the way they are affected by the text that they are exposed to, allowing for the individuals point of view, but with the internet and the more use of recorded programming, the over sighting of scheduling has changed, this could mean that the exposure to material is down to the persons preference, and the dismissing of others, i.e. sops because they may feel as though it is a waste of time and references them in no way. With the rise of the internet and the ability to record shows, allows for the user to generate their own gratifications from the chosen exposure of material, allowing the individual to immerse them selfs in the word of their choosing, social escapism is the way that everyone can be in there little cave and gather information that will become useful to their daily lifes, be it for work or social interaction. With the availability of multiple media platforms, allows for the individual to become more dependent on their expose to their specific media preference, this means that the person will become media oriented to be knowledgeable in their social environment, also at the same time dismissing those that do not portray them (Ball-Rokeach, et al 1973) Altered the structural relations among traditional media such as print and broadcast and unites them around the defining technologies of computer and satellite (Carey, 1998) To end it will be easy to say that, every day the choices available seem overwhelming to an individual that, but searching for the information that you may be interested in is not, have the ability to have a internet enabled phone or, a broadband enabled pc, will allow for quick and on the move dosage of knowledge. This builds for a framework to start the daily day of before being socially intractable with the foundations of things to talk about, or with feeds being directed to your mobile then accessing face book to arrange meetings and gathering information of others. For example I like dance music, so I might access the internet to find new information on musicians or DJs, and this will then in turn be repeated in my social group as a conversation started. To match ones wits against others, to get information and advice for daily living, to Provide a framework for ones day, to prepare oneself culturally for the demands of Upward mobility, or to be reassured about the dignity and usefulness of ones role. (Katz, Blumler, Gurevitch, 1974)

Spirituality in Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Spirituality In Mark Twain’s The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn, written by Samuel Clemens, is a novel that challenges the views of society and questions life through the eyes of an adolescent boy. By sprinkling traces of spirituality and religious views throughout the story, Clemens creates a "martyr-like" profile for his lead character Huckleberry Finn. Huck uses his religious views as his own conscience and challenges the status quo rules of his pious society to make his own decisions which leads him on a path to personal growth. Though Huck was not blessed with a loving family to teach him the ways of the world, and instead grows up more independently, he was taught by many others that in Heaven "...all a body would have to do there was to go around all day long with a harp and sing, forever and ever" (30). Of course, this is not an appealing image for an adolescent boy who fantasized about being in a gang of robbers with his friends. Perhaps even if it is appealing, it may seem out of possible reach to a boy who lives the life that Huck does- with a drunkard father, reading stories of murder and robbery, and witnessing the cruelty and injustice to slaves. Without a firm foundation and someone to teach him, Huck must continually rely on the pieces of information that he hears from others and his own observations which often leaves him confused and misinformed. One of the most noticeable traits of Huck's personality that reflect his opinion on religion and spirituality is that he often dismisses such popularly accepted beliefs as Moses (because he is dead), but will put his faith into a hairball that he believes is magic because it was taken from an oxen's stomach and therefore he believes that "it had a spirit inside of it, and it knowed everything" (38). In fact, he even asks it about his father and supplies it with a fake coin for it's services. Perhaps Huck truly believes in it, or he is searching for something to believe in that he could depend on. In either case, he is wise enough not to give it his real dollar. Clemens gives the entire story a religious vibe through the continual use of phrases that relate to or have a biblical sense to them. Just one example of this is when Huck is describing his father after coming home from laying drunk in a gutter the entire night before, and as Huck narrates "A body would have thought he was Adam, he was all mud" (44). Spirituality in Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays Spirituality In Mark Twain’s The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn, written by Samuel Clemens, is a novel that challenges the views of society and questions life through the eyes of an adolescent boy. By sprinkling traces of spirituality and religious views throughout the story, Clemens creates a "martyr-like" profile for his lead character Huckleberry Finn. Huck uses his religious views as his own conscience and challenges the status quo rules of his pious society to make his own decisions which leads him on a path to personal growth. Though Huck was not blessed with a loving family to teach him the ways of the world, and instead grows up more independently, he was taught by many others that in Heaven "...all a body would have to do there was to go around all day long with a harp and sing, forever and ever" (30). Of course, this is not an appealing image for an adolescent boy who fantasized about being in a gang of robbers with his friends. Perhaps even if it is appealing, it may seem out of possible reach to a boy who lives the life that Huck does- with a drunkard father, reading stories of murder and robbery, and witnessing the cruelty and injustice to slaves. Without a firm foundation and someone to teach him, Huck must continually rely on the pieces of information that he hears from others and his own observations which often leaves him confused and misinformed. One of the most noticeable traits of Huck's personality that reflect his opinion on religion and spirituality is that he often dismisses such popularly accepted beliefs as Moses (because he is dead), but will put his faith into a hairball that he believes is magic because it was taken from an oxen's stomach and therefore he believes that "it had a spirit inside of it, and it knowed everything" (38). In fact, he even asks it about his father and supplies it with a fake coin for it's services. Perhaps Huck truly believes in it, or he is searching for something to believe in that he could depend on. In either case, he is wise enough not to give it his real dollar. Clemens gives the entire story a religious vibe through the continual use of phrases that relate to or have a biblical sense to them. Just one example of this is when Huck is describing his father after coming home from laying drunk in a gutter the entire night before, and as Huck narrates "A body would have thought he was Adam, he was all mud" (44).

Venezuela Culture

In all cultures, there are different dimensions that can be categorized into a continuum. Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck have functions of cultural patterns such as common human problems, preferred solutions and most importantly, a continuum. A continuum is how things are rated by percentages. For example, happiness. It could be either more or less in certain situations. In Hofstede’s dimensions of culture, there are two topics and only one can be higher in certain cultures than others. The country I chose to do is the culture of Venezuela.Venezuela is very similar to the rest of the Latin American countries but has exceptional characteristics when it comes to the dimensions that Hofstede describes. The dimensions of culture that will be discussed fall into the four common ones: collectivism, power distance, masculinity and low uncertainty avoidance. Venezuela is a unique country with many different ideas that relate to their culture. Venezuela falls into the collectivism category. This means that the country unites as one, focusing on the needs of groups rather than the individual themselves. The other side of the dimension is individualism.Individualism, as its name says, focuses on the individual where they have to sand up for themselves. Collectivists tend to have large, extended families which continue protecting them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty (Individualism 2009). Also, they work on becoming very skilled at something they are interested in. Venezuelan people are all about being loyal to each other. They see more good in a group, than good in the individual. In Venezuela, the labor force has grown a lot over the past few decades. The unemployment rate has been very low and even woman have been getting jobs.The government has worked together so that almost everyone is employed. Labor relations in Venezuela were consultative rather than confrontational, and the Confederation of Venezuelan Workers had good working relationships with the major bus iness group, the Federation of Chambers and Associations of Commerce and Production (Haggerty, 1993). Compared to other Latin American countries, there wasn’t a bad case of labor relations. The government wanted to make sure everyone in Venezuela was working. It’s good to be a collectivism culture because everyone comes and works together as a group.Power distance is another dimension that can be classified as either high or low. This is determined by how much a culture has respect for authority. High power distance focuses more on higher status of power. Teachers, parents and supervisors are treated with respect and are expected to show authority. Low power distance is a little more laid back. People can talk to whomever they want about anything. For example, an employee is able to talk to their manager about comments for the company or business they work for. Venezuela falls into the high power distance category.People with elite status are more educated and focus ma inly on their business and professions. Venezuela was one of the very few countries in Latin America where a number of elite-supported scholarly and community welfare foundations provided support for an imaginative variety of programs and scholarships (Haggerty 1993). People in middle class respect the elite. Thought it is possible to move up from middle class to elite, this can only happen through successful business deals or by marriage. Either way, Venezuelans know to respect the authority wherever they are. Venezuela has a president and vice president who serve five year terms.The president chooses his cabinet and determines the number of ministries. The president is the main leader in charge whom everyone looks up to. He commands the armed forces, calls special sessions of the Congress, and exercises sole control of foreign policy (Haggerty 1993). Venezuela follows a governmental policy where the president has the highest status, followed by the vice president, then it gets low er from then on. Having high power distance does not necessarily undermine the population, but is accepted by the whole Venezuelan culture as one. Masculinity versus femininity, contrary to it’s name, has more to do than just gender roles.Some masculine characteristics focus on a competitive economy, working hard to get by, and fighting as a result of conflicts. Cultures with this dimension are more aggressive. Femininity on the other hand focuses on more calming features. For example, negotiating to resolve conflicts, women are representing in the government and working to live a good life. Venezuela in this case is more masculine. They are more aggressive than other cultures. Violence and crime increased appreciably in the last decades of the twentieth century and have become major issues of popular concern (Dinneen 2003).Having higher crime rates, though that’s not always a good thing, shows the masculinity in the culture. Men take the majority of the power when it comes to government. Although the Constitution of 1960 declared that men and women were formally equal under the law, women who had been active in the struggle for democracy found themselves devoid of its privileges and marginalized from politics (Wagner 2005). Though it said women were just as equal as men, that didn’t live up to its word. Women were still not allowed to participate in higher politics and businesses.They were expected to stay at home and take care of the house and children. Venezuela is ranked higher in the masculine dimension among all of the other Latin American countries. Venezuela’s uncertainty avoidance is considered lower than the other Latin American countries. Some traits of low uncertainty avoidance include openness to change, tolerance of diversity and hold back emotions. Where as in high uncertainty avoidance, they tend to follow strict rules, express emotions, and have a weak interest in politics. The goal of the culture is to control almo st everything in order to avoid the unexpected.Thanks to their need for security, Venezuelan managers take fewer risks, govern with more written rules and experience lower labor turnover (Workman 2008). There have been processes of social and political changes. Theses processes have attracted more international attention over the years and for more to come. Venezuela was the world’s leading exporter of oil. Venezuelan’s leaders wanted to concentrate on the oil industry as the main source of financing for their reformist economic and social policies (Haggerty 1993). They weren’t afraid to find new non cabinet ministries and form new policies to expand their economy.Even with the economic crises that occurred with the collapse of the financial system in 1994, the government worked to get it back up. When it comes to differences, Venezuelans try to explore the issue. They are curious to what is going on. If they need to make a change, they will do so and take the r isk. For example, during the 1980’s Venezuela had a huge foreign-exchange revenue from oil. Because of this, they developed a voracious demand for imported luxury goods that persisted even as oil prices ebbed in the mid do late 1980’s (Haggerty 1993).This resulted in a weakness in the Venezuelan economy. Even though this happened, the government wasn’t afraid to take the risk. In conclusion, Venezuela has many different characteristics that make them a unique culture. Being a collective culture, they unite as one. They like to focus on everyone as a group to make sure everyone is satisfied. They also fall into the high power distance category. Venezuela has high power authority that is respected by everyone. If they have questions, the people with high status will have all the answers.Venezuela is also a masculine culture. Men dominate over women for occupations and power. Also, this makes the country more aggressive than others. They stand up for themselves and aren’t afraid of anything that comes in contact with them. Finally, Venezuela has low uncertainty avoidance. They will take a risk if they want to and they aren’t afraid to show emotion. This shows they are a strong country that will make changes if it is a concern. Venezuela is a very well-rounded culture with many great qualities about them.

Law AS †causation model answer Essay

There are two types of causation which are necessary to establish criminal liability. These are factual causation and cause in law (also known as legal causation). Factual causation means that the defendant can only be found guilty if the consequence would not have happened ‘but for’ the defendant’s conduct. This was seen in the case of Pagett (1982). Similarly, a defendant cannot be found guilty if the victim’s death was unrelated to the defendant’s actions (as in White, 1910). Legal causation, where the actions of D must be found to have caused the consequence, can be established as long as the ‘chain of causation’ (between the act and the consequence) has not been broken. There are a number of ways in which this chain can be broken,: Firstly, through the act of a third party, an example of which is medical treatment that is deemed to be ‘palpably wrong’ such as that seen in Jordan (1956); Secondly, where the victim’s own act is so daft as to not be reasonably expected, as seen in Williams (1992); Finally, as a result of a natural but unpredictable event, such as a flood or an earthquake. Despite external factors, the chain of causation is not deemed to have been broken as long as the D’s actions are more than a ‘minimal’ cause of the consequence. Similarly, the defendant must also take the defendant as they find them. This is known as the ‘thin skull rule’ (as seen in Blaue 1975), meaning that there is legal causation even if D’s actions would not have caused those consequences in a regular or normal person.

Assignment on E- commerce Essay

It is an enormous pleasure to submit my assignment titled â€Å"E-commerce System â€Å"in Bangladesh. A closer study assigned as a required of our course related. In preparing this assignment I have acquired much knowledge about â€Å"E-commerce system†. I have tried my best to furnish the assignment with relevant data. Which I had to collect from online and related journal. I hope this assignment will help the banking sector to gather some insights on the widows to do further studies in this aspect. I would like to convey my tributes to you and thank you for giving me the opportunity to work on this topic. Your queries in this aspect will highly be expected. Thank you Sincerely your Amit kumar dey ID: 1101010174 Section: D 7th Semester (27th Batch) BBA Program Department of Business Administration Leading University Sylhet, Bangladesh. Dedication In dedication to all my friends and family who help me find happy monuments every day to celebrate Declaration This assignment paper is prepared by me. The title of this assignment is â€Å"E-commerce system†. A closer study â€Å"under the supervision of Mr.Md.Rahimullah Miah Lecturer of MIS, Leading University Sylhet, Bangladesh .Any duplication is prohibited without the permission of author Amit kumar dey ID: 1101010174 Section: D 7th Semester (27th Batch) BBA Program Department of Business Administration Leading University Sylhet, Bangladesh. Acknowledgement First of all pay a special thanks to my almighty God. Who made me able to complete this report? Then I would like to give thanks to renowned philanthropist Mr. Ragib Ali as he established Leading University and we got this opportunity to read here, after wards. I would like express my heartfelt gratitude to Prof Dr. Mr .Bashir Ahmed Bhuiyan, Head of the Department of business Administration, Leading University Sylhet. I would like to thanks our course instructor Mr. Md. Rahimulah Miah, respected Lecturer of Leading University for giving me this chance to make an assignment. My thanks also goes to my family members and friends who are cooperated with me at any of the steps of the assignment and continuously support me without any hesitation and make them safes an important part of this job. Author Letter of Acceptance This is to certify that Amit kumar dey ,ID: 1101010174 Section: D Semester:7thand 27- Batch, Department of Business Administration , Leading University , Sylhet , Bangladesh has completed his assignment work entitled on â€Å" E-commerce system. †A closer study under my supervision. He has completed his work with sincerity, commitment and dedication. He discussed different issues and problems with me to meet the requirement of this study and preparing the assignment. I wish all the best in his effort. Mr. Md. Rahimullah Miah Lecturer of MIS. Department of business administration Leading University, Sylhet, Bangladesh. Abstract Ecommerce (Sometimes called web- based) commerce is the term used to describe the activity of doing business on the internet. It including business to business, business to consumer and even consumer to consumer transactions that involve the buying and selling of goods and service, the transactions of funds, and even the exchange of ideas. Ecommerce including functions such as marketing manufacturing, finance, selling and negotiations. Ecommerce is not as new concept in Bangladesh any more, ecommerce that started its journey in Bangladesh in the last 90s and since then it continued to grow. This study concentrates on assessing the elements of the environment relation to ecommerce to get the best picture of the prevailing condition and then recommending some areas of improvement on the basis of the assessment for deploying ecommerce in Bangladesh. Chapter- one 1. Introduction. 1.1 E-commerce: Electronic commerce or ecommerce is a term for any type of business, or commercial transaction that involves the transfer of information across the internet. It covers range of different types of businesses, from consumer based retail sites, through auction or music sites, to business exchanges trading goods and services between corporations. It is currently one of the most important aspects of the internet to emerge. Ecommerce allows consumers to electronically exchange goods and services with no barriers of time or distance. Electronic commerce has expanded rapidly over the past five years and is predicted to continue at this rate, or even accelerate. In the near future the boundaries between â€Å"conventional† and â€Å"electronic â€Å"commerce will become increasingly blurred as more and more businesses move sections of their operations onto the internet. 1.1.1 Background of e commerce Since the 1990s, with the breakthrough of network, communications and IT, the Internet had a global growth and rapidly became popular. And e-commerce was born. E-commerce is a new business model based on the Internet with two transacting parties, bank electronic payment and settlement as means and customer data as support, which can make buyers and suppliers more closely linked, and meet customers’ demand faster, and also allows buyer to choose the best suppliers in the global market and sell their products worldwide. Since â€Å"electronic commerce† in1998, e-commerce all around the world was developing rapidly that the transactions doubles in about every nine months. The global e-commerce transactions (including online trade, sales, etc.) reach hundreds of billions dollars, and e-commerce revenue has soared by 262 percent. Countries all over the world have a very positive attitude to e-commerce- the new continent. They generally consider the development of electronic commerce an important driver of world economic development in the next 25 years. The promotion effect to the economy will be far more than the Industrial Revolution 200 years ago. Well-known network economic researcher and critic Robert Metcalfe claimed that: â€Å"The value of the Internet is equal to the square of the number of outlets (linking with it). Currently, the online shops are booming and constantly improved. Types of products sold online are diversity. Drugs once thought impossible for buying and selling have become a reality. Representative one is Canada Pharmacy. Even some people sell their time online. They do things for people who are too busy and get money from them. 1.2 Objectives of the studs To identify prospect of e commerce system in Bangladesh To make suggestion on the basis of findings. To provide precise knowledge of e commerce and its infrastructure. To narrate the present scenario of e commerce in Bangladesh To identify the usage rate and satisfaction level of e commerce customers. To highlight some recommendations for rendering e commerce services effectively. 1.3 Scope of the study The scope of the study is limited to the issues related to the ecommerce in Bangladesh. The assignment will focus only on the business locality provider of the country through internet network system. 1.4 Limitations of the study Due to time constraints the study has been conducted only one commerce service on secondary information. A microscopic analysis (aggregate analysis) has been made here for the unavailability of appropriate data in some cases. To prepare this assignment I have faced a lot of problems such as unavailability of lab, electricity problem, unavailability of related book and journals lock of time, unavailability of information in net etc. 1.5 Methodology of the study The assignment has been done mainly based on secondary sources of data or information secondary data has been collected from different publication material and Web site as well as the book and material from different libraries the hand not of the various seminars 1.6 Literature Review Tornatsky and Fleischer’s Theory The best literature for this is from Tormatsky and Fleischer’s theory. The Tornatsky and Fleischer’s theory comprises two important foundations stages in e commerce factors of the adoption and implementation of e commerce in SMEs. According to Jennnex and lertwongsation who used Tornatzky and Fleischer’s model, the reliability of this foundation will directly impact the ability of SMEs to implement e commerce. Chapter Two 2. General context of the study With the increasing diffusion of ICTS, more specifically the internet, the global business community is rapidly moving to words business to business (B2B) e commerce. The bussers importer gain a clear advantage when the internet gives them access to the global market, by which they can compare price across regions, find out whether price very by order fragmentation, get awareness about substitute alternative products consequently the sellers exporters make sure that they are well portrayed in the cyber world through websites and portals. Like buyers, sellers also benefit from increased and more efficient access to the global market through the imternet. Bangladesh is pursuing an economic policy export led growth with the rising forces of globalization, it is becoming increasingly important that the private sector particularly the export sectors are well prepared to meet the requirements and in the competition against exporters in other countries. In such a scenario two issues are becoming particularly important for Bangladeshi export sectors one whether business are automating their internal processes with the use of ICTS to become increasingly efficient and competitive in a global content and two whether business have efficient and competitive in a global context and two whether businesses have effective presence and participation in the cyber world. 2.2.1 E commerce in different sector in Bangladesh Despite being a under developed country selected segment of the Bangladeshi business community has embraced technology with reasonable success, personal computer and the internet are also emerging as day to day business tolls These positive indicators are levering the prospect of e commerce in Bangladesh. RMG Sector . Banking on the web (online bank). Online shopping. Web hosting, domain. Online cards, gifts. Pay Bill. Education. Etc. 2.2 Some e commerce shop in Bangladesh www.web Bangladesh.com. www.hoat bazar.com. www.number shop.com. www.bdbazar.com www.sonarmarketplace.com. www.upoharbd.com. www.bdgift.com. www.cellbazar.com. 2.3 The impact of e commerce E commerce can transform the way products and service one created sold and delivered to the customers, It can also change the way in which the company works with its partners. The following are well established benefits of e commerce. Improved productivity : Using e commerce the time required to create, transfer and process a business transaction between trading partners is signifieantly reduced of data entry and recenty in the process. This improvement in speed and accuracy plus the access to document and information will result in increase in productivity. Cost savigs: The cost savings stem from efficient communication, Quicker turnaround and closer access to market. Better customer service: customer can enjoy the convenience of shopping at any hour and anywhere in the world. Opportunities for new business: Business over the inter net have global customer reach. There are endless possibilities for business to exploit and expand their customer base. 2.4 challenges of e commerce for Bangladesh Network Infrastructure. Intra bank and interbank connectivity. Local and global. Bank client connectivity. Security of transaction. Banking mechanism Automation Convertibility of the Bangladesh currency. Retention quota. International credit cards. Capacity building: Human. Technical and Regulatory. Quick settlement, online credit information. Skilled e manpower. Investment Legal infrastructure. Currency convertibility: Access to global finance. 2.5 Akhoni.com Akhoni offers discounts up to 90in Dhaka city on popular business like dining, Travel, Entertainment, Movies, Soap, Healthcare service, Fitness centers, Beauty parlors and lot more Akhoni.com is a website that brought a new horizon in the e commerce industry of Bangladesh. Unlike the other business websites, it does not sell/ buy or act as a third party between two people. The customer can use the coupons published on this website and based on the amount of discount can save lots of money while purchasing the particular product from the particular shop. How it works: To use the website, one customer has to go with the following steps: Step one: Sign up with Akhoni.com. to get crazy discount notifications right in your email inbox. Step two: Buy and receive coupon to purchase a deal, click on view details and buy/ buy now button. Instant pay option: safely pay with you visa/ Master card/DBBL, Nexus card and from mobile phone through bash. Pay on coupon delivery option: Click pay as on coupon delivery if you want to pay later. Collect from Akhoni.com office: 8, Gulshan, South, Avenue, unite-53 Gulshan-1 Dhaka-1212. Step three: show your coupon to the merchant at his/her other and enjoy the discount. SWOT Analysis Strength 1.Anew concept in there commerce industry of Bangladesh. 2.Very few on no competitor at all. Weakness 1.Based on Dhaka city mostly. 2.The coupons given are of limited merchant that means this website does not cover the entire premises of consumer choice. Opportunity 1.Since the concept is new and Lucrative, the website has bright future through jot the country. 2.In future, this website may include the merchants of different other fields like FMCG, cloths, Foods etc. Threat: 1.Since the market has no competition any day new entrants may come up with new offers. 2.Discount packages of mobile phone companies (GP Thank you) can be a threat. 2.6 Advantages of Ecommerce Faster buying/selling procedure, as well as easy to find products. Buying/selling 24/7. More reach to customers, there is no theoretical geographic limitations. Low operational costs and better quality of services. No need of physical company set-ups. Easy to start and manage a business. Customers can easily select products from different providers without moving around physically. 2.7 Disadvantages of Ecommerce Any one, good or bad, can easily start a business. And there are many bad sites which eat up customers’ money. There is no guarantee of product quality. Mechanical failures can cause unpredictable effects on the total processes. As there is minimum chance of direct customer to company interactions, customer loyalty is always on a check. There are many hackers who look for opportunities, and thus an ecommerce site, service, payment gateways, all are always prone to attack. Chapter three 3. Methodology of the study 3.1 Site Selection: The topic chosen for the assignment is â€Å"e commerce system.† 3.4 Site Design: I work with non-government sector and also include government sector. 3.5 Country Map: 3.6 Data Collection: All the data and inflation which s elated to my task was collected from secondary sure. 3.7 Data Analysis: I use Microsoft word and Microsoft power point to prepare this assignment. Chapter four 4. Result and Discussion Bangladesh has recently entered into the world of e-commerce. Bangladesh Bank (BB) opened up the e-commerce transactions in the net in 2009. Subsequently Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited (DDBL) has launched Internet Payment Gateway (IPG) in the name of Nexus-Gateway in June, 2010 and BRAC Bank in December, 2010. Meantime, a few e-merchants have developed their web-sites and linked with the IPG of the banks. The complete journey of e-commerce has four steps. These include the go-ahead signal of the central bank, launching internet payment gateway (IPG) by commercial banks after obtaining go ahead signal of the central bank, development of appropriate website by e-merchants to display and sale their products and services, and buying of goods and services by the customers from the e-merchants. The merchant commission — a fee to be paid by the merchant to the bank in percentage of the sale value — is higher for e-commerce transaction than that of the POS transaction. The e-merchant also needs to pay a fee to the owner of the web portal if the website is not owned by him. On the other hand, an e-merchant does not require establishing shops at the prominent and costly locations of a city; they only have to maintain warehouses in various low cost locations from where they can deliver goods to the different parts of the city / country easily with minimum transportation cost. The ultimate result is: the e-commerce players are at a competitive advantage to retailers. They have lower operating expenses and better inventory management due to operating in a virtual commerce environment. For example, amazon.com has revenue per employee of nearly $850k while its retail counterpart, Best Buy, generates revenue per employee of only $270k. Chapter five 5. Recommendations The assessment of the e-commerce environmental forces of Bangladesh leave us some room to recommend some steps and measures, that should be undertaken by the policy makers and business stake holders for the full-fledged implementation and development of e-commerce in Bangladesh. There commendations are: There should be an EFT (Electronic Fund Transfer) Gateway, which will connect all finance and banking institutions, ATMs, POS and related websites. Such Gateway will speed up the transactions among banks, commercial institutions. This sort of infrastructure needs to be implemented on priority basis. A CCG (Credit Card Gateway) should be established. A credit card gateway is a server that makes online credit card transactions safe(Skinner, 2005). The software protocols in the CCG use the information provided to check for availability of funds and to make sure the credit card is not expired, lost or stolen. This takes only seconds. When the transaction is approved a receipt is generated for the customer, and the funds are transferred to the vendor’s bank account through EFT. Unlicensed radio frequencies should be made available on demand andesite operating licenses should not limit the bandwidth. To improve banking mechanism, Bangladesh government should compel the banking sectors to automate their operation and going online by a specific period. The control of foreign exchange should be liberalized gradually, and easier issuance of International Credit Cards should be allowed, banks should take effective steps here. Business associations and organizations should be made aware of the benefits of e-commerce. Business organizations like FBCCI, DCCI, MCCI, and BGMEA can play a significant role in promoting e-commerce in Bangladesh. Political commitment to improve governance and institutional strengths essential for successful application of e-commerce. Last but not least, National ICT policy, 2002 and enactment of the ICTAct, 2005 is required to enhance the implementation of e-commerce. 6. CONCLUSION A key reason why e-commerce, especially the business-to-business segment, is growing so quickly is its significant impact on costs associated with inventories, sales execution, procurement, intangibles like banking, and distribution costs. If these reductions become pervasive, e-commerce has the potential to be the application that ushers in the large productivity gains. Achieving these gains is therefore contingent on a number of factors, including access to e-commerce systems and the needed skills. However, what is unique about ecommerce over the Internet and the efficiency gains is that it promises the premium placed on openness. To reap the potential cost savings fully, firms must be willing to open up their internal systems to suppliers and customers. This raises policy issues concerning security and potential anti-competitive effects as firms integrate their operations more closely. Chapter six References Website: www.google.com www.bookrags.com www.e commercefair.com www.google.com//assingnmentone commerce in Bangladesh www.scribd.com/doc/ www.scibd.com>reserch>business &in Bangladesh www.slideshare.net/mobile-bankingsystem in Bangladesh Appendices Questionnaire: 1. For how many years you are using e-commerce? (i)Less than one year (ii)One year but

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